A GUIDE TO NORTHEASTERN GARDENING: Feature Plant: Balloon Flower (Platycodon)

Platycodon grandiflorus ‘Komachi’

Balloon
flowers are hardy in USDA zones 3 through 8, making them well-suited to a wide range of climates. Their resilience allows them to withstand cold winters, though they may die back completely to the ground during dormancy. In the spring, new growth emerges from the root system. Depending on the variety, balloon flowers can reach heights of 1 to 3 feet, with a spread of about 1
foot. Space plants accordingly to ensure adequate air circulation, which helps prevent fungal diseases. 

Growing Conditions: Platycodon grandiflorus prefers full sun to partial shade and moderate watering. The soil should be kept evenly moist but not soggy, especially in their first growing season when they are establishing roots. Once established, balloon flowers are fairly drought tolerant. Root rot is a condition that can happen in the case of poor drainage or overwatering. Make sure the plant is in well-drained soil, especially in areas with heavy rainfall. Balloon flowers are not heavy feeders.
A light application of balanced fertilizer in the spring will help them grow vigorously. Over-fertilizing can lead to weak stems and reduced flowering.  Balloon flowers are relatively pest-free, though slugs and snails may nibble on young shoots. An organic slug deterrent can help protect them.  In some cases, balloon flowers may grow tall and develop weak stems that flop over. This issue can be resolved by staking taller varieties or planting them in groups where the plants can support one another.

Platycodon grandiflorus ‘Komachi’

Propagation: To propagate Balloon Flower, collect the seed pods once the flowers dry out and allow the pods to dry out completely. Once dry, break open the pods to expose hundreds of tiny, brown seeds and sow the seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost or directly outdoors in early spring. For indoors, scatter seeds on the surface of a seed-starting mix, press them lightly into the soil, but do not cover them so they can get light. Keep the soil moist and warm, at about 65°F-70°F (18°C-21°C), until seeds germinate within 2-3 weeks. Once the seedlings develop several true leaves and are large enough to manage, they can be transplanted outdoors once threat of frost is gone. Since balloon flowers have sensitive roots, seed propagation is recommended, as not to disturb the plant’s deep taproot system. If you decide to divide your plants, Spring is the best time to do so. Dig up the plant carefully to avoid
damaging the taproot, and attempt division only if offsets are visible. Replant the divided sections in proper soil and water
thoroughly. Note that it may take some time for the plants to recover. Propagation through seeds is known to be the easiest method, though division is possible with care. I am going to try propagating my own ‘Komachi’ Balloon Flowers from the seed pods I collected this September, hoping to grow more of this hard to find plant. 

Platycodon grandiflorus seed pods harvested in early fall

Balloon flowers are an excellent addition to any perennial garden. With their interesting balloon-like buds and star-like flowers, they bring charm and interest to garden beds, borders, and containers. By providing the
right growing conditions, these plants will thrive with minimal maintenance and reward you with years of beautiful, long-lasting blooms!

I hope you enjoyed This Month in the Garden. If you have grown Balloon flower from seed, I would love to hear your experiences. Be sure to stop by on the 1st. and 15th. of each month as I continue to share gardening tips, information and horticultural adventures!